Nanostructured TiO2 architectures for environmental and energy applications

Semiconductor photocatalysts have important applications in the fields of renewable energy and environmental remediation. Of these, TiO2 stands out as one of the most investigated compounds in contemporary material science. Because of its unique physical and chemical properties, TiO2 is extensively used in photoelectrochemical applications including photocatalysis and photovoltaics. In this Review, we focus especially on recent progress in the fabrication of TiO2-based nanostructures. An overview of some important properties and applications of TiO2 is given to provide context for the challenges that present research efforts aim to address. This discussion is followed by a summary of synthesis routes currently available for the preparation of nanoscale TiO2. Finally, the various nanoarchitectures reported to date are outlined with a particular focus on their utility in photoelectrochemical applications.